
(2) * Budi Irawanto

(3) Seno Gumira Ajidarma

*corresponding author
AbstractThis study explores independently published comics in Indonesia after 2010, which show differences from independent comics in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Contemporary independent comics distinguish themselves by positioning readers as patrons and the application of transmedia storytelling across platforms, especially related to film and music, and not for industrial purposes. The research questions presented are: what are transmedia storytelling practices in contemporary independent comics in Indonesia, and how is the context of creative freedom and control that underlies the production of printed comics presented through cross-media platforms? Using qualitative methodology, this study applies descriptive discourse analysis based on the visual culture framework, following Gillian Rose's methodological approach. The descriptive analysis focuses on the case study of transmedia storytelling "Pendekar Cyborg", an independently published comic series, which intersects with other media such as motion comics, animated music videos, film, and music. The findings show that contemporary Indonesian independent comics engage in canonical transmedia storytelling, in dimensions of spreadability, continuity, and multiplicity, while still reflecting the socio-political context. The work “Pendekar Cyborg” affirms creative freedom within an independent artistic community and expands narrative experiences through innovative, creator-driven transmedia strategies with community support. This research contributes to understanding how independent visual storytelling in Indonesia embraces transmedia formats to negotiate cultural meaning and audience engagement. KeywordsIndependent Comic; Transmedia-Storytelling; Film; Music; Visual Culture
|
DOIhttps://doi.org/10.31763/viperarts.v7i1.1723 |
Article metrics10.31763/viperarts.v7i1.1723 Abstract views : 114 |
Cite |
References
[1] H. Jenkins, Convergence Culture; Where Old and New Media Combine. New York: New York Univerity Press, 2006.
[2] S. Wibisono, “Photography as Cinematic Ekphrasis: Intermedial Study in Garin Nugroho’s Opera Jawa,” Harmon. J. Arts Res. Educ., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 64–78, 2023, doi: 10.15294/harmonia.v23i1.39633.
[3] A. Taylor, “Avengers dissemble! Transmedia superhero franchises and cultic management,” J. Adapt. Film Perform., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 181–194, 2014, doi: 10.1386/jafp.7.2.181_1.
[4] F. Limano, “Perkembangan film superhero indonesia studi terhadap alat konseptual sinematografi (studi kasus film gundala),” GESTALT, vol. 4, pp. 19–28, 2022, doi: 10.33005/gestalt.v4i2.124.
[5] T. Tarmidzi and L. Astuti, “Fiksionalitas Eggnoid Manusia Masa Depan Dalam Dua Wahana Webtoon Dan Film: Kajian Sastra Bandingan,” Bestari J. Bhs. dan Sastra Indones. serta …, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 212–228, 2023.
[6] V. Oktaviania, D. Setiadi, and A. Firdaus, “REPRESENTASI TOKOH SRI ASIH DALAM FILM DAN KOMIK SRI ASIH,” Transform. J. Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 430–453, 2024.
[7] R. Wirayudha, “Sri Asih , Adisatria Pertama Indonesia dalam Komik,” 2023. .
[8] R. S. M. Permana, P. W. Alam, and S. S. Indriani, “Kontribusi Pulau Jawa Untuk Kultur Sinema Indonesia: Kajian Singkat Festival-Festival Film Di Pulau Jawa,” J. Kaji. Budaya dan Hum., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 305–313, 2023.
[9] B. Sofyan, “Budaya keranjingan penggemar band Indie,” J. Sosiol. Dialekt., vol. 14, p. 95, 2020, doi: 10.20473/jsd.v14i2.2019.95-102.
[10] M. D. F. Rizal, “Kritik Humor terhadap Komik Warkop DKI Reborn Jangkrik Boss!,” Transform. J. Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya, vol. 4, no. 2, p. 16, 2020, doi: 10.31002/transformatika.v4i2.3087.
[11] S. J. Konefa? and J. Szy?ak, “The Aesthetics and Cultural Influence of Polish Comic Zines from the 1990s on the Domestic Comic Market,” COMICS GRID J. comics Scholarsh., 2024.
[12] T. Bajraghosa, “Komik Mandiri In Yogyakarta; Local Values Representation In Independent Comics,” Humanit. Arts Soc. Sci. Stud., vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 388–405, 2019.
[13] D. Hebdige, Subculture: The meaning of style. Taylor and Francis, 2012.
[14] S. Budyastuti, “Doujinshi: Dunia Underground Industri Komik Indonesia,” in Menilik Komik Indonesia, Yogyakarta: Badan Penerbit ISI Yogyakarta, 2023, pp. 169–177.
[15] T. Imanda, “Komik Indonesia itu Maju; Tantangan Komikus Underground Indonesia,” Antropol. Indones., vol. 69, pp. 47–63, 2002.
[16] Z. Alkatiri, “Parody Criticism of the Military Regime of the Indonesian New Order in Yogyakarta Underground Comics, 1995–2000,” Int. J. Comic Art Vol. 16 No.2, Fall/ Winter 2014, 2014.
[17] R. K. Yin, Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods. SAGE Publications, 2017.
[18] R. Cole, “Inter-Rater Reliability Methods in Qualitative Case Study Research,” Sociol. Methods Res., 2023, doi: 10.1177/00491241231156971.
[19] G. Rose, Visual Methodologies: An Introduction to the Interpretation of Visual Materials. SAGE Publications, 2016.
[20] D. Harper, “Gillian Rose, Visual Methodologies: An Introduction to Researching with Visual Materials,” Can. J. Sociol., vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 466–469, 2012.
[21] H. Jenkins, “Transmedia Storytelling 101,” 2007. .
[22] S. McCloud, “Understanding Comics; The Invisible Arts.” Kitchen Sink Press, Northhampton, 1993.
[23] S. McCloud, Making Comics; Storytelling Secrets of Comics, Manga and Graphic Novels. New York: Harpers, 2006.
[24] M.-L. Ryan, “Transmedia Storytelling Industry Buzzword or New Narrative Experience?,” Storyworlds A J. Narrat. Stud., vol. 7, no. 2, p. 21, 2015.
[25] Zack, “From Pixels to Synths : The Evolution of Synthwave Through Video Games !,” Retrowave.com, 2023. .
[26] D. Schwebel, “Nostalgia and Chiptune,” 2023. .
[27] C. Ecenbarger, “Comic Books , Video Games , and Transmedia Storytelling : A Case Study of The Walking Dead,” Int. J. Gaming Comput. Simulations, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 34–42, 2016, doi: 10.4018/IJGCMS.2016040103.
[28] Y. A. Ekawardhani, I. Santosa, H. A. Ahmad, and I. Irfansyah, “Modification of visual characters in indonesia animation film,” Harmon. J. Arts Res. Educ., vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 167–175, 2020, doi: 10.15294/harmonia.v20i2.22556.
[29] C. Adams and K. Barbour, “Transmedia storytelling, diegetic paratexts, and the limits of real time,” Converg. Int. J. Res. into New Media Technol., vol. 28, p. 135485652211160, 2022, doi: 10.1177/13548565221116074.
[30] E. Imanjaya, “The Significance of Indonesian Cult , Exploitation, and B Movies,” vol. 11, no. 2, 2009.
[31] M. Baihaqi and I. Zulfan, “Representasi Pergerakan Film Eksploitasi Indonesia,” J. Kaji. Jurnalisme, vol. 3, 2019, doi: 10.24198/kj.v3i1.21357.
[32] M. Bourdaa, “From One Medium to the Next: How Comic Books Create Richer Storylines,” M/C J., vol. 21, no. 1, 2018.
[33] S. Chatman, Story and Discourse: Narrative Structure in Fiction and Film. Cornell University Press, 2019.
[34] K. Kukkonen, Studying Comics and Graphic Novels. Wiley, 2013.
[35] Haryatmoko, Critical Discourse Analysis (Analisis Wacana Kritis), Landasan teori, Metode, dan Penerapan. Depok: Rajawali Pers, 2016.
[36] J. Mittell, “A Cultural Approach to Television Genre Theory,” Cine. J., no. 3, pp. 3–24, 2001.
[37] J. P. Telotte, The Oxford Handbook of New Science Fiction Cinemas. Oxford University Press, 2023.
[38] J. P. L. Davidson, “Blast from the past : hopeful retrofuturism in science fiction film,” Contin. J. Media Cult. Stud., vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 729–743, 2019, doi: 10.1080/10304312.2019.1668352.
[39] M. Yin, “Cyberbodies in Spectacular Landscapes : Exploring the Intersection of Aesthetics , Technology , and Culture in Cyberpunk Films,” pp. 178–188, 2023, doi: 10.4236/adr.2023.112014.
[40] M. Jeddawi, A. Rahman, and M. Nawawi, “Studi Kemungkinan Perubahan Status Desa Teluk Kapuas Menjadi Kelurahan Di Kabupaten Kubu Raya,” J. Ilmu Pemerintah. Suara Khatulistiwa, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 31–50, 2018, doi: 10.33701/jipsk.v3i1.301.
[41] M. R. Amirudin and G. T. Leksana, “Perubahan Desa dan Penerapan Kebijakan Orde Baru di Blitar Barat ( 1969-1983 an ),” Hist. Madania, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 124–138, 2024.
[42] Hadi Wahyono Dwi and Kasuma Gayung, “Propaganda Orde Baru 1966-1980,” Verleden, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–109, 2012.
[43] Z. Alkatiri and M. W. Albar, “National Integration Slogans in Printed Mass Media in the Era of New Order Regime in Indonesia,” vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 109–122, 2010.
[44] “Beli Komik Berbonus Celana Dalam,” Kompas, 2004.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2025 Terra Bajraghosa, Budi Irawanto, Seno Gumira Ajidarma

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
___________________________________________________________
International Journal of Visual and Performing Arts
ISSN 2684-9259
Published by Association for Scientific Computing Electronics and Engineering (ASCEE)
W: http://pubs2.ascee.org/index.php/viperarts
E: sularso@ascee.org
Organized by:
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0