(Lebanese University, Lebanon)(2) Abdallah Kassem
(Notre Dame University, Lebanon)(3) Hassan Amoud
(Lebanese University, Lebanon)(4) Safwan Nadweh
(Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Iraq)(5) * Nouby M. Ghazaly
(1) Imam Ja’afar Al-Sadiq University, Iraq. 2) South Valley University, Egypt.)(6) Nazih Moubayed
(Lebanese University, Lebanon)*corresponding author
AbstractSolar energy has been gaining momentum recently, with a focus on maximizing its investment potential due to its reputation as the most sustainable and efficient energy source. This shift towards solar power could potentially reduce the reliance on oil-based fuels in the future. As a result of the integration of photovoltaic (PV) energy sources into the grid, the reliability of power distribution and maintaining its quality in these systems has become increasingly important. The presence of non-linear loads in these grids causes distortion of both voltage and current waves on the grid side, so it is necessary to implement effective reduction techniques to reduce the distortions in these waves. The research contribution is TO introduce the integration of an active filter on the dc side of grid-connected PV systems, along with a control circuit for the filter switches. The control switches were operated using a Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) control scheme, while the controller parameters were tuned using the Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA). The proposed system was simulated in the MATLAB/Simulink environment with variations in solar radiation and temperature. The simulation results demonstrated a reduction in the total harmonic distortion factor (THD) for voltage and current waveforms on the grid side, which are within the permissible limits. This confirms the effectiveness of the proposed filter and the efficiency of the control strategy and algorithm for parameter adjustment. KeywordsPower Quality; Active Filter; Grid-Connected PV Systems; Total Harmonic Distortion (THD%); PV Array; Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA); Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM); Harmonic Mitigation; Renewable Energy Integration
|
DOIhttps://doi.org/10.31763/ijrcs.v4i2.1365 |
Article metrics10.31763/ijrcs.v4i2.1365 Abstract views : 1063 | PDF views : 200 |
Cite |
Full Text Download
|
References
[1] M. A. Memon, S. Mekhilef, M. Mubin, and M. Aamir, “Selective harmonic elimination in inverters using bio-inspired intelligent algorithms for renewable energy conversion applications: A review,†Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 82, pp. 2235-2253, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.08.068.
[2] M. Babaie and K. Al-Haddad, “Self-Training Intelligent Predictive Control for Grid-Tied Transformerless Multilevel Converters,†IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 38, no. 10, pp. 12482-12496, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2023.3293820.
[3] G. Ding et al., “Adaptive DC-Link Voltage Control of Two-Stage Photovoltaic Inverter During Low Voltage Ride-Through Operation,†IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 4182-4194, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2015.2469603.
[4] R. Sharma and A. Das, “Extended Reactive Power Exchange With Faulty Cells in Grid-Tied Cascaded H-Bridge Converter for Solar Photovoltaic Application,†IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 5683-5691, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2019.2950336.
[5] M. A. Memon, S. Mekhilef, M. Mubin, and M. Aamir, “Selective harmonic elimination in inverters using bio-inspired intelligent algorithms for renewable energy conversion applications: A review,†Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 82, pp. 2235-2253, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.08.068.
[6] C. Xue, J. Wang and Y. Li, “Model Predictive Control for Grid-Tied Multi-Port System With Integrated PV and Battery Storage,†IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 4596-4609, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2022.3183027.
[7] K. Luo and W. Shi, “Comparison of Voltage Control by Inverters for Improving the PV Penetration in Low Voltage Networks,†IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 161488-161497, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3021079.
[8] A. I. Elsanabary, G. Konstantinou, S. Mekhilef, C. D. Townsend, M. Seyedmahmoudian and A. Stojcevski, “Medium Voltage Large-Scale Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems Using Cascaded H-Bridge and Modular Multilevel Converters: A Review,†IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 223686-223699, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3044882.
[9] M. Khodaparastan, H. Vahedi, F. Khazaeli and H. Oraee, “A Novel Hybrid Islanding Detection Method for Inverter-Based DGs Using SFS and ROCOF,†IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 2162-2170, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2015.2406577.
[10] H. A. Hadi, A. Kassem, H. Amoud, S. Nadweh, and N. M. Ghazaly, “Using Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm and Whale Optimization Algorithm for Optimal Sizing of Grid-Connected Bifacial PV Systems,†Journal of Robotics and Control (JRC), vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 733-745, 2024, https://doi.org/10.18196/jrc.v5i3.21777.
[11] V. K. Awaar, P. Jugge, S. T. Kalyani, and M. Eskandari, “Dynamic Voltage Restorer–A Custom Power Device for Power Quality Improvement in Electrical Distribution Systems,†Power Quality: Infrastructures and Control, pp. 97-116, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7956-9_4.
[12] A. Benali, M. Khiat, T. Allaoui and M. Denaï, “Power Quality Improvement and Low Voltage Ride Through Capability in Hybrid Wind-PV Farms Grid-Connected Using Dynamic Voltage Restorer,†IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 68634-68648, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2878493.
[13] Z. Zeng, H. Li, S. Tang, H. Yang, R. Zhao, “Multi-objective control of multi-functional grid-connected inverter for renewable energy integration and PQ service,†IET Power Electronics, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 761-770, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2015.0317.
[14] N. Mishra and B. Singh, “Solar PV Grid Interfaced System with Neutral Point Clamped Converter for PQ Improvement,†Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series B, vol. 99, pp. 605-612, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40031-018-0357-1.
[15] N. Prabaharan, A. Rini Ann Jerin, K. Palanisamy, and S. Umashankar, “Integration of single-phase reduced switch multilevel inverter topology for grid connected photovoltaic system,†Energy Procedia, vol. 138, pp. 1177-1183, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.10.231.
[16] R. Boopathi and V. Indragandhi, “Solar photovoltaicâ€interfaced shunt active power filter implementation for power quality enhancement in gridâ€connected systems,†International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications, vol. 51, no. 11, pp. 5305-5323, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.3710.
[17] A. Q. Al-Shetwi, M. A. Hannan, K. P. Jern, A. A. Alkahtani, and A. E. P. Abas, “Power quality assessment of grid-connected PV system in compliance with the recent integration requirements,†Electronics, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 366, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9020366.
[18] Q. Al-Tashi, S. J. Abdul Kadir, H. M. Rais, S. Mirjalili and H. Alhussian, “Binary Optimization Using Hybrid Grey Wolf Optimization for Feature Selection,†IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 39496-39508, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2906757.
[19] A. Khandelwal and P. Neema, “State of Art for Power Quality Issues in PV Grid Connected System,†2019 International Conference on Nascent Technologies in Engineering (ICNTE), pp. 1-4, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNTE44896.2019.8945829.
[20] X. Liang and C. Andalib -Bin- Karim, “Harmonics and Mitigation Techniques Through Advanced Control in Grid-Connected Renewable Energy Sources: A Review,†IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 3100-3111, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2018.2823680.
[21] S. Nadweh, O. Khaddam, G. Hayek, A. Aldiwany, and A. M. Hatra, “Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques for Renewable Energy Generation,†Deregulated Electricity Market, Apple Academic Press, pp. 155-176, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003277231-9.
[22] A. Sangwongwanich, Y. Yang, D. Sera, H. Soltani and F. Blaabjerg, “Analysis and Modeling of Interharmonics From Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems,†IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 33, no. 10, pp. 8353-8364, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2017.2778025.
[23] B. N. C. V. Chakravarthi and G. V. S. K. Rao, “Impact of Power Quality Issues in Grid Connected Photovoltaic System,†2020 4th International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA), pp. 155-158, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECA49313.2020.9297618.
[24] A. Sangwongwanich, Y. Yang, D. Sera and F. Blaabjerg, “Interharmonics from grid-connected PV systems: Mechanism and mitigation,†2017 IEEE 3rd International Future Energy Electronics Conference and ECCE Asia (IFEEC 2017 - ECCE Asia), pp. 722-727, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1109/IFEEC.2017.7992128.
[25] M. Das and V. Agarwal, “Novel High-Performance Stand-Alone Solar PV System With High-Gain High-Efficiency DC–DC Converter Power Stages,†IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 51, no. 6, pp. 4718-4728, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2015.2454488.
[26] J. Sun and C. Lin, “Calculation and Spectral Analysis of DC-Link Current for three phase PWM inverter,†2021 21st International Symposium on Power Electronics (Ee), pp. 1-6, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1109/Ee53374.2021.9628308.
[27] L. Wang, C. -S. Lam and M. -C. Wong, “Design of a Thyristor Controlled LC Compensator for Dynamic Reactive Power Compensation in Smart Grid,†IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 409-417, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2016.2578178.
[28] H. Hafezi, G. D’Antona, A. Dedè, D. Della Giustina, R. Faranda and G. Massa, “Power Quality Conditioning in LV Distribution Networks: Results by Field Demonstration,†IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 418-427, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2016.2578464.
[29] A. Javadi, A. Hamadi, A. Ndtoungou and K. Al-Haddad, “Power Quality Enhancement of Smart Households Using a Multilevel-THSeAF With a PR Controller,†IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 465-474, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2016.2608352.
[30] E. Zhao, Y. Han, X. Lin, E. Liu, P. Yang, and A. S. Zalhaf, “Harmonic characteristics and control strategies of grid-connected photovoltaic inverters under weak grid conditions,†International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 142, p. 108280, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108280.
[31] C. Yongning, L. Yan, L. Zhen, C. Ziyu and L. Hongzhi, “Study on Grid-connected Renewable Energy Grid Code Compliance,†2019 IEEE Sustainable Power and Energy Conference (iSPEC), pp. 72-75, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1109/iSPEC48194.2019.8974936.
[32] M. Hojo and T. Ohnishi, “Adjustable harmonic mitigation for grid-connected photovoltaic system utilizing surplus capacity of utility interactive inverter,†2006 37th IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, pp. 1-6, 2006, https://doi.org/10.1109/pesc.2006.1712025.
[33] S. Haq et al., “An Advanced PWM Technique for MMC Inverter Based Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems,†IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 1-5, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2021.3094439.
[34] P. K. Madaria, M. Bajaj, S. Aggarwal and A. K. Singh, “A Grid-connected Solar PV Module with Autonomous Power Management,†2020 IEEE 9th Power India International Conference (PIICON), pp. 1-6, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1109/PIICON49524.2020.9113065.
[35] A. Khandelwal, and P. Nema, “Application of PI controller based active filter for harmonic mitigation of grid-connected PV-system,†Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 2377-2383, 2021, https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i5.2907.
[36] A. Ouai, L. Mokrani, M. Machmoum, and A. Houari, “Control and energy management of a large scale grid-connected PV system for power quality improvement,†Solar Energy, vol. 171, pp. 893-906, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2018.06.106.
[37] Y. Liu et al., “Coordinated mitigation control for wideband harmonic of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter,†Applied Sciences, vol. 13, no. 13, p. 7441, 2023, https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137441.
[38] A. Menti, T. Zacharias, and J. Milias-Argitis, “Harmonic distortion assessment for a single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic system,†Renewable Energy, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 360-368, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2010.07.001.
[39] A. Kulkarni and V. John, “Mitigation of Lower Order Harmonics in a Grid-Connected Single-Phase PV Inverter,†IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 28, no. 11, pp. 5024-5037, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2013.2238557.
[40] V. Boscaino et al., “Grid-connected photovoltaic inverters: Grid codes, topologies and control techniques,†Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 189, p. 113903, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.113903.
[41] M. N. Absar, M. F. Islam, and A. Ahmed, “Power quality improvement of a proposed grid-connected hybrid system by load flow analysis using static var compensator,†Heliyon, vol. 9, no. 7, p. E17915, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17915.
[42] S. Rezaee, A. Radwan, M. Moallem and J. Wang, “Voltage Source Converters Connected to Very Weak Grids: Accurate Dynamic Modeling, Small-Signal Analysis, and Stability Improvement,†IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 201120-201133, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3035840.
[43] Y. Du, D. D. C. Lu, G. James, and D. J. Cornforth, “Modeling and analysis of current harmonic distortion from grid connected PV inverters under different operating conditions,†Solar Energy, vol. 94, pp. 182-194, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2013.05.010.
[44] G. Varshney, D. S. Chauhan, and M. P. Dave, “Evaluation of power quality issues in grid connected PV systems,†International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, vol. 6, no. 4, p. 1412, 2016, http://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i4.pp1412-1420.
[45] S. Sarkar, M. S. Bhaskar, K. U. Rao, V. Prema, D. Almakhles, U. Subramaniam, “Solar PV network installation standards and cost estimation guidelines for smart cities,†Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 1277-1287, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2021.06.098.
[46] R. J. van Zolingen, “Electrotechnical requirements for PV on buildings,†Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 409-414, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.557.
[47] R. Khezri, A. Mahmoudi and H. Aki, “Resiliency-Oriented Optimal Planning for a Grid-Connected System With Renewable Resources and Battery Energy Storage,†IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 2471-2482, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2021.3133340.
[48] H. A. Hadi, A. Kassem, H. Amoud and S. Nadweh, “Flower Pollination Algorithm FPA used to Improve the Performance of Grid-Connected PV Systems,†2022 International Conference on Computer and Applications (ICCA), pp. 1-7, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCA56443.2022.10039581.
[49] A. Kaveh and S. Talatahari, “Optimum design of skeletal structures using imperialist competitive algorithm,†Computers & Structures, vol. 88, no. 21-22, pp. 1220-1229, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2010.06.011.
[50] Ã. Molina-GarcÃa, R. A. Mastromauro, T. GarcÃa-Sánchez, S. Pugliese, M. Liserre and S. Stasi, “Reactive Power Flow Control for PV Inverters Voltage Support in LV Distribution Networks,†IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 447-456, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2016.2625314.
[51] Y. Rekha, V. Jamuna, I. W. Christopher, and T. V. Narmadha, “Application of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Grid-Tied Photovoltaic System–An Overview,†IoT and Analytics in Renewable Energy Systems, pp. 281-299, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003331117-20.
[52] D. An, L. Yuan, Z. Cheng, Y. He, B. Yin, and B. Li, “A novel time delayâ€based phaseâ€locked loop with improved antiâ€harmonic interference performance for grid synchronization,†International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications, vol. 51, no. 12, pp. 5634-5649, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.3733.
[53] T. D. Pham, H. D. Nguyen, and T. T. Nguyen, “Reduction of Emission Cost, Loss Cost and Energy Purchase Cost for Distribution Systems With Capacitors, Photovoltaic Distributed Generators, and Harmonics,†Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI), vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 36-49, 2023, http://dx.doi.org/10.52549/ijeei.v11i1.4103.
[54] P. R. Kahkha, A. HossienPour, and A. Khajeh, “Four-Switch Inverter Based Hybrid Power Filter Optimized By Meta-Heuristic Algorithm of SPEA,†International Journal of Industrial Electronics Control and Optimization, vol. 6, no. pp. 133-141, 2023, https://doi.org/10.22111/ieco.2023.45424.1473.
[55] Y. Hoon, M. A. M. Radzi, M. A. A. M. Zainuri, M. A. M. Zawawi, “Shunt active power filter: A review on phase synchronization control techniques,†Electronics, vol. 8, no. 7, p. 791, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8070791.
[56] S. Padmanaban, N. Priyadarshi, M. S. Bhaskar, J. B. Holm-Nielsen, E. Hossain and F. Azam, “A Hybrid Photovoltaic-Fuel Cell for Grid Integration With Jaya-Based Maximum Power Point Tracking: Experimental Performance Evaluation,†IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 82978-82990, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2924264.
[57] S. Lalljith, I. Fleming, U. Pillay, K. Naicker, Z. J. Naidoo and A. K. Saha, “Applications of Flower Pollination Algorithm in Electrical Power Systems: A Review,†IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 8924-8947, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3138518.
[58] S. Nadweh, O. Khaddam, G. Hayek, B. Atieh, and H. H. Alhelou, “Steady state analysis of modern industrial variable speed drive systems using controllers adjusted via grey wolf algorithm & particle swarm optimization,†Heliyon, vol. 6, no. 11, p. E05438, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05438.
[59] S. M. Nadweh, G. Hayek, and B. Atieh, “Power quality improvement in variable speed drive systems VSDS with 12-pulse rectifier topology for industrial applications,†Majlesi Journal of Mechatronic Systems, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 1-6, 2019, https://ms.majlesi.info/index.php/ms/article/view/396.
[60] S. Nadweh, O. Khaddam, G. Hayek, B. Atieh, and H. H. Alhelou, “Time response enhancement for variable speed drive systems by using five-level cascade four quadrant chopper in dc-link,†Heliyon, vol. 6, no. 8, p. E04739, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04739.
[61] M. Abdelkader, K. Belalia, H. Merabet, B. Boulouiha, and A. Allali, “A four-line active shunt filter to enhance the power quality in a microgrid,†International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 488-498, 2023, https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2023.50270.
[62] P. L. Chavan, D. Gowda and S. K. Nayak, “Design of Active Power Filter for Grid Connected WECS,†2023 International Conference for Advancement in Technology (ICONAT), pp. 1-6, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1109/ICONAT57137.2023.10080379.Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2024 Nouby Ghazaly
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
| About the Journal | Journal Policies | Author | Information |
International Journal of Robotics and Control Systems
e-ISSN: 2775-2658
Website: https://pubs2.ascee.org/index.php/IJRCS
Email: ijrcs@ascee.org
Organized by: Association for Scientific Computing Electronics and Engineering (ASCEE), Peneliti Teknologi Teknik Indonesia, Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan and Kuliah Teknik Elektro
Published by: Association for Scientific Computing Electronics and Engineering (ASCEE)
Office: Jalan Janti, Karangjambe 130B, Banguntapan, Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia